CAS 109-66-0 corresponds to n-Pentane, a straight-chain saturated alkane with the chemical formula C₅H₁₂. It is a colorless, flammable liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point of approximately 36°C, and is primarily used as an environmentally friendly foaming agent, nonpolar solvent, and gas chromatography reference standard.

Basic Information
- Chinese name: n-Pentane (alternative names: Pentane, n-Pentane)
- English name: Pentane / n-Pentane
- Molecular formula: C₅H₁₂
- Molecular weight: 72.15
- EINECS number: 203-692-4
- Structural characteristics: straight-chain alkanes (isomers include isopentane and neopentane)

Key physicochemical properties
Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid with a faint mint or gasoline odor
Melting point: -130 °C
- Boiling point: 36 °C
- Density: 0.626 g/mL (25 °C)
- Flash point: approximately -49 °C to -57 °F (highly flammable)
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, acetone, and benzene
Refractive index: n²⁰/D ≈ 1.358

Main Application Areas
1. Industrial Foaming Agent: Replaces Freon in the production of polyurethane (PU) and EPS foam plastics (ODP=0, low GWP)
2. Solvents: High molecular polymer catalyst carrier liquid, vegetable oil extraction, laboratory non-polar solvents
3. Analysis and Detection: Preparation of Standard Reference Solutions and Calibration Gases for Gas Chromatography (GC)
4. Other Uses: Molecular sieve desorbent, cryogenic thermometer medium, organic synthesis raw material, formerly used as an anesthetic

Safety and Storage Tips
- Hazard characteristics: Highly flammable, vapors can explode when mixed with air; inhalation of high concentrations may cause dizziness and fainting
Storage conditions: Store in a sealed, cool, and well-ventilated area, away from ignition sources/oxidizers. Generally recommended to be stored at 2-8°C or room temperature in the dark
- Toxicity classification: Low toxicity (acute inhalation toxicity data exists, but the primary risk is combustion and explosion)

This substance is a common basic chemical raw material, with market purity grades ranging from industrial grade (≥95%) to chromatographic/spectroscopic grade (≥99%+). Selection should be based on intended use to determine the appropriate grade.

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n-Pentane CAS 109-66-0
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