CAS 103-33-3 corresponds to azobenzene, which is the simplest aromatic azo compound with the molecular formula C ₁₂ H ₁₀ N ₂ and a molecular weight of 182.22. It is an orange red crystalline solid with significant photo induced cis trans isomerism.

Core Basic Information
-Chinese name: Azobenzene
-English name: Azobenxene
-Molecular formula: C ₁₂ H ₁₀ N ₂
-Molecular weight: 182.22
-Structural features: Two phenyl groups are connected by an azo group (- N=N -), resulting in stable trans/E and unstable cis/Z isomers
-Appearance: The trans form is orange red plate-like or prismatic crystals; Unstable cis form, slowly transitioning to trans form at room temperature
-Melting point: 66-69 ℃; Boiling point: about 293 ℃; Density: Approximately 1.09-1.20 g/cm ³
-Solubility: insoluble in water; Dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, and acetic acid

Main properties and applications
1. Light response characteristics: Under ultraviolet light (~330-380 nm) irradiation, the trans form can be converted to the cis form, which can be reversed by visible light or heating; It is one of the most widely studied optical switch molecules, used to construct photoresponsive materials, molecular machines, and intelligent polymers.
2. Industrial use: As a precursor structure for synthesizing biphenyl dyes, it has also been used as a rubber accelerator; More light control system designs are now being used in the field of scientific research.
3. Chemical reactivity: Reduction under alkaline conditions yields hydrogenated azobenzene; Zinc/acetic acid reduction to aniline; Oxidation can yield azobenzene oxide.
4. Safety: Toxic (oral LD ₅₀ ≈ 1000 mg/kg in rats), flammable, releases nitrogen oxides upon thermal decomposition; Listed as a Class 3 carcinogen by IARC (with insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to humans), it needs to be stored in a sealed manner away from light and kept away from strong oxidants.

Precautions
-Sensitive to light and air, it is recommended to store in a cool, dark, and well ventilated place (preferably 2-8 ℃).
-Wear protective equipment during experimental operations to avoid inhaling dust or coming into contact with the skin.
-When abandoned, it should be treated as hazardous waste and strictly prohibited from being discharged into water bodies.

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Azobenzene CAS 103-33-3
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